Even tea-partying righties should be pretty shocked at this shameless, exploitative (and wildly inaccurate) manipulation of Americans’ post-9/11 paranoia as a marketing gimmick. And you thought 24 was off the air. Well here’s the video game version, all designed to scare you s—less – for cash. When the Homeland Security Department terrified the country 10 years ago by telling us to buy ducktape and sheetwrap, at least they had public safety goals, however confusedly, in mind. But this pseudodocumentarian ‘they’re-everywhere!-no-one-is-safe!’ crap is just to shill some video game. Bleh.
And Oliver North?! Good lord – the guy violated the appropriations clause, the Logan Act, and who knows how much other statute, and should have been in jail next to Frank Colson. Yet this guy is credible for the (apparently) largest entertainment franchise in the world now? Wow. H/t to Kotaku: “What does this say, then, about the market for a game like Call of Duty? Does Activision really believe its core market is so full of gun-crazy, right-wing types that it feels entirely comfortable employing Oliver North as someone to help sell the game?”
Activision’s Modern Warfare series has a well-known, morally dubious (yet best-selling) record of brutality-celebrating, militaristic, war-glorifying gaming, but invoking Oliver North’s pseudo-gravitas for right-wing street cred must be a new low. Is the first-person shooter genre now politicized too? So Sarah Palin’s ‘Real Americans’ blow away commies and terrorists with extreme prejudice, while you wimpy liberals play girlie games like Final Fantasy or something? The red state-blue state divide has come to your Xbox too. How nice; how healthy for democracy. Is it necessary to remind all those Tea Parties who adore the Constitution that North blatantly, repeatedly violated the appropriations clause of said ‘sacred,’ ‘holy’ end-all-be-all document?
At a time when the President is asserting an unprecedented right to kill overseas Americans without Constitutional protections, we really don’t need yet another wildly overhyped, quick-cut, paranoia-inducing threat assessment. Somewhere neocons are smiling, because I guess we all need our own drone now, right? But this stuff is pummeling our democracy and leading to all sorts behavior, like warrantless wiretaps or the Patriot Act, that we’d never tolerate otherwise and about which we will one day be ashamed.
The irony too is how baldly this ‘documentary’ contradicts the actual social science work on war – you know, from people who actually know what the hell they’re talking about, like Pinker, Goldstein, the democratic peace, nuclear peace, Long Peace, or security community theorists. War seems to be becoming less frequent, less cost-beneficial, more hemmed-in with rules and norms, and less general (i.e., not involving all the system’s big players anymore). If there’s one thing just about everybody in IR today seems to agree on, it’s that the US spends way, way more money on defense than it needs to. But I guess there’s no money in a game entitled ‘Threatlessness,‘ so let’s amp up the fear-factor by rolling out the Gordon Liddy of the Reagan administration to freak out the consumer.
More generally, I find it pretty worrisome just how brutal post-9/11 American geopolitical entertainment has become. I don’t mean violent; many movies and games are violent, even graphically so. Rather I am thinking of the unabashed relish for pro-American killing, the zealous bloodlust that’s morally fig-leafed by American patriotism so as to be defensible to the viewer. The same people who cheered for Rick Perry’s talibanic enthusiasm for the death penalty and waterboarding are thrilled to see the gleeful embrace of pro-American torture, mass-killings, and executions in even mainstream, hugely popular franchises like Modern Warfare, 24, or Transformers.
24 constantly found a way to work in torture by the good guys, as if to say that real men, genuinely committed to America, don’t have time for rules and due process. Lawyers are for sissies and liberals; patriots will gladly go over to Cheney’s ‘dark side’ beat the hell out of anyone, violate any law, to defend America. Modern Warfare 2 became globally notorious by requiring the gamer to participate in a mass atrocity (machine-gunning hundreds of civilians). In Battle: Los Angeles, the American hero performed a battlefield vivisection on wounded opponent. In Modern Warfare 3, the protagonists shoot a defenseless, surrendered enemy in the face even after he has cooperated in giving information. Homefront portrays the execution of parents in front of their screaming child, has the gamer hide under the bodies in a mass grave, and later encourages you not to waste ammunition on enemies on fire after an airstrike. Transformers 3 includes four battlefield executions (because it’s a movie for kids you know) and gives the antagonist the startling, downright revelatory post-9/11 line: ‘We will kill them all in the name of freedom.’ Wow – why not just give Michael Bay a job at some neocon think-tank? EA’s Battlefield 3, in the same year as the US is debating striking Iran, spun up a story of Iranian-sponsored MWD use in Western cities, which then provokes an in-game US invasion of Iran in which the gamer participates. Good lord; Bill Kristol himself could have written that script. And I have no doubt after this paranoid video above that Black Ops 2 will include some gratuitously vicious sequence packaged as ‘defending’ America.
The basic trick in all these the-defense-of-America-requires-cruelty narratives is to structure the story with such extreme bad guys and circumstances that the viewer can morally excuse the American hero for egregious violations of the law or rules of engagement that would otherwise get the cop/soldier/good guy rightfully thrown in jail as a dangerous sociopath. 24’s constant portrayals of torture justified by the wildly unrealistic ticking time-bomb scenario is the most obvious example. So long as Jack Bauer can say he’s trying to save a million people in LA, he’s allowed to do anything – torture, maim, execute civilians, violate due process, steal passwords, etc.
This stuff is tea party nirvana – strong, a—kicking men stand-up for America while liberal sissies at the ACLU worry about lawyers for terrorists. Conveniently the hero’s brutality is shielded/morally excused by some lame narrative fig-leaf about MWDs or alien invasions. But the real point is to show vengeful, post-9/11 killing on behalf of America without feeling guilty about it. This is why it’s terrifying.
So if you wonder why stories about American misbehavior in Afghanistan, like trophy taking or killing squads, get so little attention, consider just how coopted the post-9/11 geopolitical entertainment industry is, constantly presenting America’s opponents as unworthy of any rights, justifiably tortured, and fit to be wiped out with extreme prejudice at all time. Conversely, if you wonder why Apocalypse Now or Platoon are vastly more gripping and engaging, while you can’t even remember the story of last summer Transformers, it’s because in the real world, the moral certainty imparted by the ticking bomb scenario (much less cartoonish alien invasions) almost never happens. Jack Bauer’s 100% certainty in the bomb threat, which justifies his tearing out some Muslim’s fingernails or something, is a narrative figment. Lots of studies of war and intelligence gathering have told us just how much confusion and uncertainty there is. This is the whole reason we have the rules of engagement.
This why Jack Bauer would be in prison for life in the real world, no matter how much the right thinks he should be a role model for GWoT CT. Real world bad guys usually aren’t all wholly unredeemable villains – unlike in the black-and-white, ‘moral clarity,’ tea-party/neo-con dreamworld of Michael Bay, John Milius, Keifer Sutherland, Fox News, and even Peter Jackson. Even after the ’good war,’ de-nazification didn’t lead to mass executions of the Wehrmacht. Someday we’re going to look back on this post-9/11 bloody-minded entertainment with cringe-inducing shame, in the same way we think about Rambo or Red Dawn today.
I don’t want to sound like some boring old dude who doesn’t get this stuff. I like gaming. I waste too much time on it also. I enjoy action movies and FPS’s like Halo; I’ve played Modern Warfare and even Homefront. What unnerves isn’t the thrill of the violence. (That is also morally dubious, of course, but given that it underlines the viewing rush of every action movie ever made, hold that for a moment.) What I find really noticeable and increasingly disturbing is the post-9/11 gleeful depiction of pro-American carnage. 9/11 ‘took the gloves off’ and allowed so many directors – Bay, Milius, Sutherland, the Activision guys – to unleash their chauvinistic, reptilian id, all their inner xenophobia, cruelty, militarism, war-glorifying machismo, and sheer bloody-mindedness. And the Tea-Party loves them for it.
Every time I see one of these movies in Korea (Battleship and Act of Valor just arrived), or whenever my students tell me how great some new shooter game is, I always wonder what foreigners must think of us and this endless diet of jingoistic movie and gaming violence we produce. One movie after another game of over-the-top violence, huge CGI, American flags waving, uniforms and saluting, troopers barking canned, macho dialogue like ‘Marines never give up,’ killing, and then more killing, flirtation with torture. I understand why my students tell me America is an empire; we sure entertain ourselves as if we are, and foreigners can see this stuff. I know the Tea Party couldn’t care less what foreigners think of us – that’s they whole point, right? And I know that the Pentagon approves Hollywood scripts before it lends its hardware, but I can’t imagine that even the brass really wants only this kind of jingoistic, bloodthirsty pap. Who wouldn’t exchange one Apocalypse Now for all these awful, cruel, rah-rah post-9/11 movies and games? But they gross huge amounts, of course; as will Black Ops 2, I have no doubt. And what self-respecting tea-partier wouldn’t want to help Oliver North’s rehabilitation to credibility?
Cross-posted on Asian Security Blog.
Very interesting post. Do you have any reading recommendations on the military industrial complex and its co-option of the entertainment industry (preferably book or journal article lenght)
Thanks
“I always wonder what foreigners must think of us and this endless diet of jingoistic movie and gaming violence we produce.”
We think you’re nuts, to be honest
Hah! Nice and trenchant. I imagine you do, and I can see why. I had a Korean student who wrote a paper once on American gun violence and was so shocked by what he found that he called the US a ‘gun-ocracy’ in his conclusion. That was one of those memorable, tocquevillean, foreigners-see-more-about-your-country-than-you-do moments in my career here.
I thought this was pretty good: https://www.amazon.com/Virtuous-War-Military-Industrial-Media-Entertainment-Network-James-Derian/dp/0415772397/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1334228891&sr=1-1.
Gunocracy is a great term.
I guess it would be redundant of me to say it, but we all
have to deal with our violent nationalists. When you delve into it, the rhetoric
that backs up armed Irish republicanism, especially the obsession with self-sacrifice,
can at times sound almost fascistic.
“I should like to see any and every body of Irish citizens armed.
We must accustom ourselves to the thought of arms, to the sight of arms, to the
use of arms. We may make mistakes in the beginning and shoot the wrong people;
but bloodshed is a cleansing and a sanctifying thing, and the nation which
regards it as the final horror has lost its manhood. ” (Padraig Pearse)
Just no-one listens to us anymore, thankfully
Thanks for the link.
My family got off the boat in the 20s from Ireland. I grew up hearing lots about it, with hostility to the Brits for things like the food exports during the famine and the division of the island.
Great quote you dug up there. Pretty damn creepy. But this was fringe IRA stuff, right? Or do you think this went mainstream? Because that is what fear, in the post, that torture and other cruelty have lost their taboo post-9/11. Now filmmakers & game designers include pro-American brutality, because it’s accepted or even expected as a mark of ‘seriousness.’
The quote is actually from 1913, so can’t be removed from
that context, and it wouldn’t be fair to hold it up as representative of Irish
nationalism, either then or definitely not now. But Pearse, who the quote is
from, wasn’t a fringe character, (member of the IRB, spokesman for the 1916
Rising, one of the fifteen executed in its aftermath), and is still a leading
figure in Irish history. (Although his reputation has become more ‘contested’ in
reaction to the Provisional IRA claiming his ‘legacy’ during the Northern
Troubles) Where this fits in with your post is probably above my pay grade, but
the North might be a useful case study in how violence became normalised in a
flawed, but initially not dysfunctional, society. But it’s been a while since I’ve paid close
attention to any new research in Irish History.
Growing up post 9/11 US foreign policy in the Middle East
seemed more relevant, but most of the more egregious ‘overreaches’ of the Bush
administration, (torture, rendition even drone use (imo)), didn’t really filter
down to the public over here. There seems to be a lot of interesting stuff
coming from US political scientists dealing with the past decade, ( from what I
can tell), especially the renewed focus on the militarization of society, so I
look forward to reading more about it.
It’s the German’s now though, and international banks of course,
that have become the focus of our indignation, (you’d be shocked by some of the
editorials in newspapers) so you’re off the hook. (Breathe a sigh of relief)
Unless, of course you do something truly insane and elect Newt Gingrich to the Presidency!
You know, even us blue state liberals get tired of playing “Flower” on PS3 all day. ;)
Flower. Hah! Good one. I figured pinkos like you weren’t ready to man up for Black Ops 2!
Actually, I was sorta thinking of stuff you’ve written on the Duck before when I wrote this post. If I remember right, didn’t you once argue here that ‘America’s Army’ was recruiting agitprop disguised as a game?
Yes, I still think the aim of these video games when adopted by the US military is to extend a kind of basic training into childhood and to serve as a recruitment tool which has the added bonus of desensitizing future recruits to killing enemies of the state. This kind of “training” is remarkably effective for those who become addicted. The kids involved in the Columbine massacre, for example, followed their targets down after shooting them and then added an extra bullet to ensure the kill from what I recall reading.
But what interests me lately is why there is so much cooperation in the relatively unstructured, free roam sections of these massive multi-player, anarchic/violent games, particularly in games like GTA IV or Red Dead Redemption. There is even occasionally cooperation between anonymous players even when the game provides very strong incentives to defect, and there is radio silence between the players (i.e. when I don’t use a headset). On the flip side there are seemingly random (and by random, I mean complete d-bag) acts of defection even when the game is structured for cooperation… I will have to post on this later when I have had more time for …umm … “research.”
That’s actually a pretty fascinating argument. I wonder how you would test it. I keep thinking that we need a serious, social science write-up of gaming in IR.
Do you know if the US military work closely with other games, besides ‘America’s Army’ (which apparently was a big hit)? I would guess that the Modern Warfare series works with the military or weapons manufacturers, given the extraordinary detail of the weapons and their upgrades provided in the game. In fact that’s one of things that makes me uncomfortable about them (I’ve only played 2 games in the series though). I want a little unreality in my game for the fun element, not a detailed run-down of exactly what sniper scope the Army has introduced recently and is now in the game after successful testing in Afghanistan. That’s exactly the ‘militainment’ I think you’re identifying. I would still rather play Halo with its ridiculous, funny aliens and outlandish weapons. It feels less like the sort of ‘pre-training’ for your imminent participation in GWoT that Modern Warfare is becoming, especially with Oliver North on board now.
My big impressions online play differ. The first big observation I have about Xbox Live after a decade now, is the enormous amount of racism, nastiness, and cyber-bullying. In fact, I think Microsoft was really shocked (I certainly was) at just how extreme the language over the headset got. Halo 2, the first killer-app for XBL, was a torrent of racial epithets that really amazed me. The reason to keep your kid off XBL is not because of the violence in the game, but because some weirdo somewhere is gonna talk for the whole game about Jewish conspiracies, or how high he got before watching porn all day. In response, the Live service has introduced progressively over the years stricter rules on abuse and more expanded ways to capture it. And I use the feedback system myself more and more to avoid players.
Second, I have found over the years that players have become more and more willing to defect, and teams do not organize, even minimally, even though the incentives to do so in the FPS genre are really high and getting higher. Coordination and headset use was much higher earlier (in the Halo 2 days). I remember players quitting games if too many other teammates didn’t have a mic, because that meant they couldn’t communicate or were racist idiots whom MS had banned from the mic service.
But now, maybe 20% of players wear the headset, and squad-based play, which is really the way to win the MP of games like Halo or Modern Warfare, dissolves almost immediately, as everyone runs around as a lone wolf looking for the best weapons and even killing teammates in order to get them. Halo 2 was a lot more coordinated than 3, and Reach is just lone-wolves now betraying each other for the sniper rifle. Modern Warfare 3 online is even worse. When XBL first started, people talked a lot and tried to coordinate. I remember team captains in Halo 2 giving commands for sniper cover and tank advances with flanking infantry. It was pretty exciting and competitive; the headset was a really good advance into real-time communication to improve gameplay. But nobody seems to wear it anymore; every shooter I’ve played in last 5 years has basically turned into run-and-gun, so I don’t play as much as I used to.