Over the past week, in reaction to the reports about the gender-integrated Marine study, I have seen plenty of pushback mostly against women who tweet but also some male tweeps that basically say: “civ? Of course.” Which basically says that if you are civilian, you will have dumb opinions about the military. Kind of like today’s NYPD message to the media that they cannot understand policing because they are not police.
This is so wrong in so many ways. I will focus on the military side of things, but the problem is the same for police and other folks who think that only members of the particular profession can understand their profession:
- First, and, most obviously, civilian control of the military means that civilians have the final say on what the military does. If you don’t like that, don’t live in a democracy as this is a fundamental aspect of any democracy. Want the military to be entirely autonomous? Go to a military dictatorship. That sounds like a simplification, but it is a basic reality. In democracies, the civilians rule. Saying that civilians should do whatever folks with military experience tell them is fundamentally problematic. Yes, civilians with military experience can have valuable perspectives but that does not make them only people who can offer opinions or make decisions.
- Second, the idea that the military has a monopoly on expertise (not to mention wisdom) is a myth.
- It used to be the case when few civilians studied the military, but that time has come and gone. There are plenty of people across a variety of professions and disciplines that study the military. Some have experience in uniform, some don’t. It is probably better for all concerned that a diversity of experiences and attitudes and background are deployed to study something, including the military, than just those who wore the uniform.
- There are plenty of military people who have lousy judgement who should not be consulted for expertise (Tommy Franks is the easy cheap shot, but to be fair I wouldn’t trust Wesley Clark either). There are damn near infinite numbers of folks with military experience who have lousy judgement, just as there are similar numbers of non-military folks who have lousy judgement. Having a combat infantry badge means that one has probably seen combat (not all badges are equally earned), but not that each badge-wearer is better than any civilian expert or the average civilian expert.
- This idea made more sense when the military did mostly simple tasks–taking hills and such (stylized reality–war is and always has been complex). But the more armed forces are grappling with complex stuff (nuclear war, peacekeeping, counter-insurgency, etc), the more they are operating outside of their expertise and require outside inputs.
- It used to be the case when few civilians studied the military, but that time has come and gone. There are plenty of people across a variety of professions and disciplines that study the military. Some have experience in uniform, some don’t. It is probably better for all concerned that a diversity of experiences and attitudes and background are deployed to study something, including the military, than just those who wore the uniform.
- Third, being a tree makes one good at seeing the trees but not the forest. So, the idea that a military person can see the forest and the trees really depends on what they have experienced, how they have trained, where they were deployed, what education they have received, and how much they have thought about stuff (hint: reacting that civs cannot understand requires no thinking/expertise/education).
- Fourth, there is a particular tendency for males to use this “argument” against women, which makes it not just dumb and anti-democratic but misogynist, too.
This reminds me of the Moneyball/Analytics debate in sports–that players (Charles Barkley most famously) dismiss those who have studied sports but have not been athletes. “They cannot understand the game” with their fancy statistics or extensive case studies or whatever. Except that they can and they have. Same is true for those who study the armed forces.
To twist a classic saying, if war is too important to be left to the generals, then studying the armed forces is too important to be left to the armed forces.
Thanks for an interesting post.
I write about the military and I also write about intelligence — and I’ve experienced the same sorts of comments from a lot of the academics concerned about intelligence, most of whom are former intelligence professionals. Frequently, when I submit articles to intelligence journals, I will get a comment from peer reviewers along the lines of: “Your literature review says that there’s not a lot of work on this topic — In fact there is a lot of work on this topic, but it’s classified and you can’t read it.” Well thanks. That’s real helpful. What I now do is insert a footnote somewhere in the lit review that basically says, “Of course, there could actually be a rich and nuanced literature on this topic of which I am unaware and unable to access. So therefore, this literature review would only survey the unclassified material and in my argument I will proceed as though this is what we know about the topic.”
I think the problem with writing about the military is more subtle — Mostly, I think that academics may experience a lag in that practitioners may know something about a topic from reading the classified stuff and academics may catch up when some of this material becomes public domain about eighteen months or two years later. I know this as someone married to a former infantry officer and current DOD planner. Sometimes, I will share an idea with him and he will actually laugh and say, “Oh, are you just starting to think about this now? We’ve all been thinking about this for a while.”
I write about cybersecurity and I do wonder how seriously my analysis is off because of things that go on in cybercommand that I don’t know about. But I’m not really sure how we fix this problem either.